GJ 1214b … This image shows an artist's view of the planet Gliese 1214 b in front of its host star. [8][9][10][11], GJ 1214 b was first detected by the MEarth Project, which searches for the small drops in brightness that can occur when an orbiting planet briefly passes in front of its parent star. On the basis of planetary models[15] it has been suggested that GJ 1214 b has a relatively thick gaseous envelope. After COROT-7b, it was the second super-Earth to be known[1] and is the first of a new class of planets with small size and relatively low density. Its low mass suggests that unlike Earth GJ 1214b may only have a small amount of rock in its composition. Its parent star is 48 light-years from the Sun, in the constellation Ophiuchus. Due to the relatively small size of GJ 1214 b's parent star, it is feasible to perform spectroscopic observations during planetary transits. Up to date there is no consensus about the composition of its envelope although most studies suggest a high molecular weight atmosphere. A paper was then published in Nature announcing the planet and giving estimates of its mass, radius, and orbital parameters. GJ 1214b must be made of a significant quantity of water -- 75% water -- in addition to some rock and iron. Because of the estimated old age of the planetary system and the calculated hydrodynamic escape rate of 9×105 kg s−1, scientists conclude that there has been a significant atmospheric loss during the lifetime of the planet and any current atmosphere cannot be primordial. GJ 1214b’s size and mass (2.65 and 6.45 times that of the Earth, respectively;Carter et al.2010) give it a density intermediate to that of our solar system’s inner (rocky) and outer (gas-dominated) planets. If the mutual inclination between GJ 1214b and a hypothetical habitable zone planet is small, the probability of detection is ∼20% (Gillon et al. For an iron core mass fraction similar to Earth's (30%), GJ 1214b needs 0.3%–1.2% of its mass in a pure H 2 gas layer at the nominal mass and radius. GJ 1214b is different. 글리제 1214 b는 지구로부터 뱀주인자리 방향으로 약 40광년 떨어진 곳에 있는 글리제 1214 주위를 돌고 있는 외계 행성이다. [13], GJ 1214 b may be cooler than any other known transiting planet prior to the discovery of Kepler-16b in 2011 by the Kepler mission. "GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of," Berta said. Scientists have debated over GJ 1214b since the planet was discovered back in 2009. It is thought GJ 1214b once orbited in the habitable zone around its host star, which may have allowed life to exist in its warm oceans. Despite being hot its high atmospheric pressures would stop its oceans from boiling. GJ 1214b is now a hot world with temperatures around 200C (392F). Although no clear signs were observed of water vapor or any other molecule, the authors of the study believe the planet may have an atmosphere composed mainly of water vapor. 2011). “GJ 1214b is like no planet we know of,” Berta said. Credit: NASA, ESA, and D. Aguilar (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics). [7] If it is a waterworld, it could possibly be thought of as a bigger and hotter version of Jupiter's Galilean moon Europa. GJ 1214 bは、木星型惑星よりも … The scrutinized planet, which is known as GJ 1214b, is classified as a super-Earth type planet because its mass is intermediate between those of Earth and Neptune. GJ 1214b stands out among the detected low-mass exoplanets, because it is, so far, the only one amenable to transmission spectroscopy. Another possibility is that there may be a thick layer of high clouds, which absorbs the starlight. Illustration of planet GJ 1214b 5. They then observed the star more closely and confirmed that it dimmed by roughly 1.5% every 1.58 days. GJ 1214b occupies an intriguing location in the planetary mass-radius diagram, inasmuch Spectroscopic observations with NASA's Hubble Space Telescope provide evidence of high clouds blanketing the planet. GJ 1214b, first discovered in December 2009, is 2.7 times the size of Earth and 6.5 times as massive. This super-Earth is about 2.7 times Earth's diameter and weighs almost seven times as much. GJ 1214b was one of the first Super-Earths discovered, and the first exoplanet to have clouds found in its atmosphere. Through a comparison with theoretical models, the density in turn provides limited but highly useful information about the composition and structure of the planet.[1]. [7] GJ 1214 b is also significant because its parent star is relatively near the Sun and because it transits (crosses in front of) that parent star, which allows the planet's atmosphere to be studied using spectroscopic methods. [7] Some of the solid-phase water could be in the form of ice VII. Recent searches for planets around other stars (“exoplanets”) have shown that super-Earths like GJ 1214b are among the most common type of planets in the Milky Way galaxy. it would be more like thick hot ice or alternately acting more like a gas than a liquid. Follow-up radial-velocity measurements were then made with the HARPS spectrograph on the ESO's 3.6-meter telescope at La Silla, Chile; those measurements succeeded in providing independent evidence for the reality of the planet. [7] Because of the varying pressure at depth, models of a water world include "steam, liquid, superfluid, high-pressure ices, and plasma phases" of water. Clouds in Atmosphere of Exoplanet GJ 1214b (Artist's View).tif 4,000 × 3,000; 7.92 MB CompositionOfKepler-10b.jpg 720 × 541; 54 KB Exoplanet Comparison GJ … It is located at a distance of approximately 47 light years from Earth. 글리제 1214 b는 그 질량과 반지름이 태양계 내 가스 행성들보다 작은 것으로 검증된 두 번째 외계 행성이다(첫 번째로 검증된 행성은 CoRoT-7b이다). GJ 1214b has a radius of about 2.7 times that of Earth and is about 6.5 times as massive, putting it squarely into the class of exoplanets known as super-Earths. The two planets fall in the middle range in mass, between smaller, rockier planets such as Earth and larger gas giants such as Jupiter. According to Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics scientist and lead author Zachory Berta, "GJ1214b is like no planet we know of. Gliese 1214 b (thường được rút ngắn thành GJ 1214 b aka Ocean Planet) là một ngoại hành tinh quay quanh ngôi sao Gliese 1214, và được phát hiện vào tháng 12 năm 2009. Earth’s water is equal to 0.05 percent of its mass, while GJ 1214b’s water contributes 10 percent of its mass! Image: This is an illustration of the hypothetical appearance of the exoplanet GJ 1214b, which is known as a "super-Earth" type planet because it is slightly more than six Earth masses. The planet, GJ1214b, has a mass about six times that of Earth and its interior is likely mostly made of water ice. In this paper, we report observations of three transits of GJ 1214b, taken as part of the Apache Point Observatory An update on the atmosphere of super-Earth GJ1214b, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gliese_1214_b&oldid=994903108, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 03:50. GJ 1214b has an estimated mass of about 6 to 7 times the mass of Earth, with a radius about 2.7 times the radius of Earth, a low mass indicates that the planet is composed mostly of water. The newfound world, GJ1214b, is about 6.5 times as massive as the Earth. GJ 1214b Mass and Radius GJ 1214b is estimated to have a mass of around 6 to 7 times that of Earth, with a radius of around 2.7 times that of Earth, its low mass suggests a large amount of the planet is made up of water. A new analysis detailing the atmosphere of GJ 1214b—a planet located about 40 light years from earth and one that researchers have studied since 2009—appeared in the March issue of The Astrophysical Journal. It is a potential water world that may be comprised of at least 75% water. Here we report observations of the transiting planet GJ 1214b, which has a mass of 6.55 M_Earth and a radius 2.68 times Earth's radius (R_Earth), indicating that it is intermediate in stature between Earth and the ice giants of the Solar System. As of 2017, GJ 1214 b is the most likely known candidate for being an ocean planet. In December 2010, a study was published showing the spectrum to be largely featureless over the wavelength range of 750–1000 nm. Its parent star is 48 light-years from the Sun, in the constellation Ophiuchus. "A huge fraction of its mass is made up of water." 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